Eclipta prostrata (Yerba-de-tajo)
Also known as: | False Daisy |
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Genus: | Eclipta |
Family: | Asteraceae (Aster) |
Life cycle: | annual, short-lived perennial |
Origin: | native |
Habitat: | part shade, sun; moist to wet, disturbed muddy or sandy soil; river bottoms, shores, ditches, fields |
Bloom season: | July - October |
Plant height: | 10 to 20 inches |
Wetland Indicator Status: | GP: FACW MW: FACW NCNE: FACW |
MN county distribution (click map to enlarge): | |
National distribution (click map to enlarge): |
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Detailed Information
Flower:
One to 3 stalked flowers arising from leaf axils and at the tips of branching stems. Flowers are ¼ to 1/3 inch across with numerous white ray flowers (petals) around a broad center disk of tiny white to creamy white disk flowers.
Cupping a flower is a set of 8 to 10 green bracts, lance-shaped with pointed tips and usually of unequal size. Bracts and flower stalks are sparsely to densely covered in appressed hairs.
Leaves and stems:
Leaves are opposite, 1 to 4 inches long, up to 1 inch wide, shallowly or minutely toothed around the edges, lance-elliptic to lance-linear, pointed at the tip, and stalkless at the base or nearly so. Both surfaces are sparsely to moderately covered in appressed hairs. Stems are single from the base, branched, covered in appressed hairs, often purple, and weak—erect to ascending when supported by surrounding vegetation, otherwise more sprawling and the branches rooting at the lower nodes.
Fruit:
The center disk becomes a seed head, expanding to about ½ inch diameter at maturity. Fruit is a dry seed less than 1/8 inch long, somewhat cone-shaped in outline, flattish across the top, 4-sided, lacking a tuft of hairs, and drying to dark brown. Both disk and ray flowers are fertile.
Notes:
Yerba-de-tago has only been recorded twice in Minnesota, the first in 1976 along the St. Croix River just south of Afton, and the second just a few years ago in the backwaters of the Mississippi River at Spring Lake Park. The MN DNR does not consider it native in the state, but we think that is questionable, especially considering it is a Special Concern species in Wisconsin. Minnesota would be at the northern tip of its range. In the greater part of its range it's a somewhat weedy species, usually found in the disturbed soils of river bottoms, shores, wet ditches, grassy hollows and other muddy places, though occasionally found in drier locations. At Spring Lake Park, it's found on a few sand bars a short canoe ride from the river bank. It may have been deposited there recently by bird or boat, or has possibly been there but undetected for many years—we will never know for certain.
It is not likely to be mistaken for any other species, distinguished by: the relatively short stature, numerous often sprawling branches, opposite lance-linear to lance-elliptic leaves, appressed hairs over most of the plant, 1 to 3 small fleabane type flowers in leaf axils, and seed that lacks a tuft of hairs. Yerba-de-tago has a long history of medicinal uses, including an antidote for snakebite venom, treatment for liver disorders, and even to prevent balding. Pretty versatile stuff, eh?
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More photos
- Yerba-de-tago plant
- Yerba-de-tago plant
- Yerba-de-tago plant
- Yerba-de-tago plant
- Yerba-de-tago with Walter's Barnyard Grass and Cyperus species
- both flowers and fruits form throughout its growing season
Photos by K. Chayka taken at Spring Lake Park, Dakota County. Photos by Peter M. Dziuk taken in Dakota County and his garden.
Comments
Have you seen this plant in Minnesota, or have any other comments about it?
on: 2018-09-02 21:32:46
in a frequently flooded grassy area, only one noted but it was with lots of fog fruit. it was near the lake NOT THE RIVER.
on: 2020-07-16 19:08:12
On grounds of Bachman's nursery on White Bear Ave, Maplewood, St Paul.a few individuals I took initially to be odd narrow-leaved Galinsoga, but arent
on: 2022-08-24 18:03:19
Just spotted this one on the island along Buffalo Slough between North and Sturgeon Lakes Mississippi backwater lakes) which is in northern part of Goodhue Co (new county record). Thought it an odd one I didn't recognize, but IDed to this.
on: 2023-03-05 10:10:49
The park is on the west side of the Minnesota River, in Sibley County. Eclipta was found in a relatively flat area about halfway up the river bank, along with a lush growth of numerous other species. The river was extremely low at the time, so in some seasons the site would be under water.
on: 2023-03-06 07:11:19
The date of my observation above was September 10, 2022.